FlavScents AInsights Entry for Allyl Propionate (CAS: 2408-20-0)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): Allyl Propionate
• IUPAC Name: Prop-2-en-1-yl propanoate
• CAS Number: 2408-20-0
• FEMA Number: 2030
• Other Identifiers: FL No. 09.013
• Molecular Formula: C6H10O2
• Molecular Weight: 114.14 g/mol

Allyl propionate is an ester compound characterized by the presence of an allyl group attached to a propionate moiety. This structure contributes to its fruity and pineapple-like odor, making it a valuable component in flavor and fragrance formulations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Allyl propionate is known for its distinctive fruity aroma, often described as pineapple-like with a sweet, ethereal quality. It has a moderate intensity and good diffusion, making it suitable for use as an impact note in various formulations. The odor threshold is relatively low, allowing it to impart a noticeable effect even at minimal concentrations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Allyl propionate is not commonly found in nature but can be synthesized through esterification processes involving allyl alcohol and propionic acid. Its synthetic origin does not preclude its use in "natural flavor" designations, provided it is derived from natural precursors.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Allyl propionate is primarily used in fruit flavor formulations, particularly those mimicking pineapple, apple, and other tropical fruits. It serves as an impact note, enhancing the overall fruitiness and realism of the flavor profile. Typical use levels in finished food or beverage products range from 1 to 10 ppm, with higher concentrations potentially leading to an overpowering effect. It is relatively stable under normal processing conditions but may degrade under extreme heat or acidic conditions.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In the fragrance industry, allyl propionate is utilized in fruity and tropical fragrance families. It acts as a modifier, adding a fresh, sweet note to compositions. Typical concentration ranges in fragrance products are from 0.1% to 1%, depending on the desired intensity. Its volatility classifies it as a top note, contributing to the initial impression of the fragrance.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
• European Union: Approved under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with FL number 09.013.
• United Kingdom: Aligns with EU regulations post-Brexit.
• Asia: Approved for use in Japan and China, with specific restrictions varying by country.
• Latin America: Generally accepted, with specific regulations in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

• Oral Exposure: Allyl propionate is considered safe for consumption at typical flavor use levels, with an ADI not specifically established but implied through GRAS status.
• Dermal Exposure: Generally non-irritating at typical fragrance concentrations, though IFRA guidelines should be consulted for specific product types.
• Inhalation Exposure: Low volatility reduces inhalation risk, but occupational exposure should be minimized through standard safety practices.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Allyl propionate is valued for its ability to impart a fresh, fruity character to both flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other esters and fruity compounds, enhancing the overall profile. Formulators should be cautious of its potency, as overuse can lead to an artificial or cloying effect. It is often under-utilized in complex formulations where subtlety is required.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on allyl propionate is well-established, with comprehensive sensory and regulatory information available. While industry practices are well-documented, some variability in regulatory interpretations may exist across regions.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-06-29 14:31:02 GMT (p2)