FlavScents AInsights Entry for (Z)-jasmone (CAS: 488-10-8)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): (Z)-jasmone
• IUPAC Name: (Z)-3-methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one
• CAS Number: 488-10-8
• FEMA Number: 2609
• Other Identifiers: FL No. 09.034
• Molecular Formula: C11H16O
• Molecular Weight: 164.25 g/mol

(Z)-jasmone is a cyclic ketone with a characteristic jasmine-like odor. Its structure includes a cyclopentenone ring with a pentenyl side chain, contributing to its floral scent profile. The presence of the conjugated double bond system is crucial for its odor characteristics, providing a balance between floral and slightly green notes.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

(Z)-jasmone is renowned for its delicate, floral, and jasmine-like aroma, often described as sweet, fresh, and slightly green. It is a moderate-intensity odorant, typically used as an impact note in fragrance compositions. The compound's odor threshold is relatively low, making it effective even at minimal concentrations. In flavor applications, it imparts a subtle floral note, enhancing the overall complexity and realism of the flavor profile.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

(Z)-jasmone is naturally found in jasmine flowers, contributing to their characteristic scent. It is also present in other plants such as tea and certain herbs. The compound is biosynthesized in plants through the enzymatic degradation of fatty acids, specifically linolenic acid, via the lipoxygenase pathway. This natural occurrence supports its designation as a "natural fragrance" or "natural flavor" in regulatory contexts.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

In flavor applications, (Z)-jasmone is used to impart floral and green notes, particularly in tea, fruit, and floral flavor profiles. It serves as a modifier, enhancing the authenticity and depth of the flavor. Typical use levels in finished food or beverages range from 0.1 to 5 ppm, with higher concentrations potentially leading to overpowering floral notes. The compound is stable under typical processing conditions but may degrade under extreme heat or acidic environments.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

(Z)-jasmone is a versatile ingredient in perfumery, commonly used in floral, green, and chypre fragrance families. It acts as a middle note, providing a natural and fresh floral character. Typical concentration ranges in fragrance formulations are from 0.1% to 1%, depending on the desired intensity and product type. Its moderate volatility allows it to blend well with both top and base notes, contributing to the overall harmony of the fragrance.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
• European Union: Approved under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with FL No. 09.034.
• United Kingdom: Follows EU regulations post-Brexit with no significant divergence.
• Asia: Approved for use in Japan and China, with specific concentration limits in certain applications.
• Latin America: Generally accepted in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries, with adherence to local regulations.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

For oral exposure, (Z)-jasmone is considered safe at typical flavor use levels, with an acceptable daily intake (ADI) not specifically established but deemed low risk under GRAS status. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications shows low irritation potential, with no significant sensitization reported. Inhalation exposure is generally safe at typical fragrance concentrations, though occupational exposure limits should be observed in manufacturing settings. The risk profiles are similar across food and fragrance applications, with no significant differences noted.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

(Z)-jasmone is valued for its ability to impart a natural floral character, enhancing both flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other floral and green notes, such as linalool and hexyl cinnamaldehyde. Formulators should be cautious of its potency, as overuse can lead to an overpowering scent or flavor. It is often underutilized in complex formulations where its subtlety can enhance overall product quality.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on (Z)-jasmone is well-established, with comprehensive sensory and regulatory information available. Industry practices are well-documented, though some regional regulatory nuances may require further clarification. Overall, the compound's safety and efficacy are supported by robust scientific literature and industry experience.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• [x] All required sections 1–9 are present
• [x] "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• [x] Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• [x] Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• [x] Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• [x] If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-02-05 19:51:08 GMT (p2)