AInsights Entry for Allyl Propionate (CAS: 2408-20-0)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): Allyl Propionate
• IUPAC Name: Prop-2-en-1-yl propanoate
• CAS Number: 2408-20-0
• FEMA Number: 2030
• Other Identifiers: FL No. 09.011
• Molecular Formula: C6H10O2
• Molecular Weight: 114.14 g/mol

Allyl propionate is an ester compound characterized by the presence of an allyl group attached to a propionate moiety. The functional groups present in allyl propionate contribute to its fruity and pineapple-like odor, which is significant in both flavor and fragrance applications. The ester linkage is crucial for its volatility and sensory properties.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Allyl propionate is known for its distinctive fruity aroma, often described as pineapple-like with a sweet, ethereal quality. It has a moderate intensity and good diffusion, making it a popular choice for imparting a tropical fruit note in flavor compositions. The odor threshold is relatively low, allowing it to be effective even at minimal concentrations. In flavor systems, it serves as an impact note, providing a realistic and vibrant fruitiness.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Allyl propionate is not commonly found in nature but can be synthesized through esterification processes involving allyl alcohol and propionic acid. It is not typically associated with natural flavor or fragrance designations due to its synthetic origin. However, its fruity profile makes it a valuable component in creating natural-like flavors and fragrances.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Allyl propionate is extensively used in flavor formulations, particularly in fruit flavors such as pineapple, apple, and tropical blends. It acts as a key impact note, enhancing the overall fruitiness and providing a fresh, juicy character. Typical use levels in finished food or beverages range from 1 to 10 ppm, with higher concentrations potentially leading to an overpowering effect. It is stable under typical processing conditions but may degrade under extreme heat or acidic conditions.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In the fragrance industry, allyl propionate is utilized in various fragrance families, including fruity, floral, and gourmand. It serves as a modifier and impact note, contributing to the top notes of a fragrance composition. Typical concentration ranges are from 0.1% to 1% in the final product, depending on the desired intensity. Its volatility makes it suitable for top and middle note applications, providing a fresh and uplifting aroma.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
• European Union: Listed under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with FL number 09.011.
• United Kingdom: Follows EU regulations post-Brexit with no significant divergence reported.
• Asia: Approved for use in Japan and China, with specific concentration limits varying by country.
• Latin America: Generally accepted in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries, subject to local regulations.

Explicit approvals are well-documented, but formulators should verify specific country requirements due to potential variability.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

For oral exposure, allyl propionate is considered safe within the established FEMA GRAS limits, with an acceptable daily intake (ADI) not specifically defined but implied through GRAS status. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications is generally safe, though IFRA guidelines should be consulted to avoid irritation or sensitization. Inhalation exposure is minimal due to its low volatility, but occupational safety measures should be in place to prevent overexposure during manufacturing.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Allyl propionate is valued for its ability to impart a fresh, fruity character to both flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other esters and fruity compounds, enhancing the overall profile. Formulators should be cautious of its potency, as overuse can lead to an artificial or cloying effect. It is often under-utilized in complex formulations where its impact can be masked by heavier notes.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on allyl propionate is well-established, with comprehensive sensory and regulatory information available. Industry practices are well-documented, though specific use levels may vary by application. Known data gaps are minimal, but ongoing research into its long-term safety and environmental impact is advisable.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-03-26 10:57:30 GMT (p2)