FlavScents AInsights Entry: Fenugreek Absolute (CAS: 68990-15-8)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

Fenugreek absolute is a natural complex material derived from the seeds of the Trigonella foenum-graecum plant. It is not a single chemical compound but a mixture of various constituents. The CAS number for fenugreek absolute is 68990-15-8. It does not have a specific FEMA number due to its complex nature. Other identifiers include its use in perfumery and flavoring, but specific FL or CoE numbers are not typically assigned to such complex materials. The composition of fenugreek absolute can vary significantly depending on the source, harvest conditions, and processing methods.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Fenugreek absolute is characterized by a rich, sweet, and slightly nutty aroma with a hint of maple syrup-like sweetness. Its flavor profile is similarly sweet and nutty, often described as having a caramel-like undertone. The intensity of its odor is moderate to strong, making it a prominent impact note in formulations. It is typically used as a background realism enhancer or a modifier in both flavor and fragrance applications. Specific taste and odor thresholds are not well-documented, but its potent aroma suggests a low threshold.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Fenugreek absolute is naturally sourced from the seeds of the fenugreek plant, Trigonella foenum-graecum, which is native to the Mediterranean region, southern Europe, and western Asia. The absolute is obtained through solvent extraction of the seeds. Fenugreek is commonly used in culinary applications, and its absolute is valued in perfumery for its unique scent profile. It qualifies for "natural flavor" or "natural fragrance" designation due to its direct derivation from plant material.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

In flavor applications, fenugreek absolute is used primarily in sweet and savory profiles, including maple, caramel, and curry flavors. It serves as a functional modifier, adding depth and complexity to flavor systems. Typical use levels in finished food or beverage products range from 1 to 10 ppm, with higher concentrations used in more robust flavor profiles. Its stability is generally good, but it can be sensitive to high heat and oxidation, which may alter its sensory characteristics.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

Fenugreek absolute is utilized in various fragrance families, including gourmand, oriental, and spicy compositions. It acts as a trace realism enhancer or impact note, providing a warm, sweet, and slightly nutty aroma. Typical concentration ranges in fragrance formulations are from 0.1% to 1%, depending on the desired intensity and product type. It contributes primarily to the middle notes of a fragrance due to its moderate volatility.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

5a. Key Constituents (Typical)

Fenugreek absolute typically contains a variety of constituents, including sotolone, which is responsible for its characteristic maple-like aroma. Other components may include various lactones, pyrazines, and terpenes. The exact composition can vary based on the origin, harvest, and processing methods of the fenugreek seeds.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed literature; authoritative industry references

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

In the United States, fenugreek absolute is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for flavor use by FEMA. In the European Union, it is regulated under the general provisions of Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 for flavorings. The UK follows similar regulations post-Brexit. In Asia, specific regulations may vary, but it is generally accepted in Japan and China for flavor use. In Latin America, countries like Brazil and those in MERCOSUR typically align with international standards, though specific approvals may vary.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

For oral exposure, fenugreek absolute is considered safe within the typical use levels in food, with no specific ADI or MSDI established. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications is generally safe, but it may cause mild irritation or sensitization in sensitive individuals. IFRA guidelines should be consulted for specific use restrictions. Inhalation exposure is not typically a concern at standard use levels, but occupational exposure should be managed to avoid sensitization.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Fenugreek absolute is valued for its unique sweet and nutty aroma, making it a versatile ingredient in both flavor and fragrance formulations. It synergizes well with vanilla, caramel, and spice notes. Formulators should be cautious of its potent aroma, which can easily dominate a blend if overused. It is often under-utilized in savory applications, where it can add depth and complexity.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on fenugreek absolute is well-established in terms of its sensory profile and typical applications. However, specific regulatory approvals and toxicological data may vary by region and are not always comprehensively documented. Industry practices often guide its use in formulations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• Includes section 5a for complex natural material

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-02-05 16:07:24 GMT (p2)